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Charioteer of Delphi
The Charioteer of Delphi, also known as ''Heniokhos'' ((ギリシア語:Ηνίοχος), the rein-holder), is one of the best-known statues surviving from Ancient Greece, and is considered one of the finest examples of ancient bronze statues. The life-size (1.8m)〔Janson, H.W. (1995) ''History of Art''. 5th edn. Revised and expanded by Anthony F. Janson. London: Thames & Hudson, p. 142. ISBN 0500237018〕 statue of a chariot driver was found in 1896 at the Sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi.〔 It is now in the Delphi Archaeological Museum.
==Background==
The statue was made at Delphi in 478 or 474 BC,〔Honour, H. and J. Fleming, (2009) ''A World History of Art''. 7th edn. London: Laurence King Publishing, pp. 132-135. ISBN 9781856695848〕 to commemorate the victory of a chariot team in the Pythian Games, which were held at Delphi every four years in honor of Pythean Apollo. It was originally part of a larger group of statuary, including the chariot, four (possibly six) horses and two grooms. Some fragments of the horses were found with the statue. When intact, it must have been one of the most imposing works of statuary in the world. The race horses on each side of the chariot have seated boys. They are memorials of Olympic victories won by Hiero, the son of Deinomenes, who was tyrant of Syracuse after his brother Gelo. But the offerings were not sent by Hiero; it was Hiero's son, Deinomenes, who gave them to the god, Onatas the Aeginetan, who made the chariot, and Calamis, who made the horses on either side and the boys on them.
An inscription on the limestone base of the statue shows that it was dedicated by Polyzalus,〔 the tyrant of Gela, a Greek colony in Sicily, as a tribute to Apollo for helping him win the chariot race. The inscription reads: ()OLUZALOS MA nETHÊK() ...]ON AES EUONUM APOLL(), which is reconstructed to read "Polyzalos dedicated me. ... Make him prosper, honoured Apollo."
The Sicilian cities were very wealthy compared with most of the cities of mainland Greece and their rulers could afford the most magnificent offerings to the gods, also the best horses and drivers. It is unlikely, however, the statue itself comes from Sicily. The name of the sculptor is unknown, but for stylistic reasons it is believed that the statue was cast in Athens. It has certain similarities of detail to the statue known as the Piraeus Apollo, which is known to be of Athenian origin.
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